About the course
ICS515: ICS Active Defense and Incident Response will help you deconstruct ICS cyber attacks, leverage an active defense to identify and counter threats in your ICS, and use incident response procedures to maintain the safety and reliability of operations.
This SANS course on ICS Active Defense and Incident Response will empower students to understand their networked industrial control system environment, monitor it for threats, perform incident response against identified threats, and learn from interactions with the adversary to enhance network security. This process of monitoring, responding to, and learning from threats internal to the network is known as active defense. An active defense is the approach needed to counter advanced adversaries targeting ICS, as has been seen with malware such as Stuxnet, Havex, and BlackEnergy2. Students can expect to come out of this course with the ability to deconstruct targeted ICS attacks and fight these adversaries and others. The course uses a hands-on approach and real-world malware to break down cyber attacks on ICS from start to finish. Students will gain a practical and technical understanding of leveraging active defense concepts such as using threat intelligence, performing network security monitoring, and utilizing malware analysis and incident response to ensure the safety and reliability of operations. The strategy and technical skills presented in this course serve as a basis for ICS organizations looking to show that defense is do-able.
You Will Learn:
- How to perform ICS incident response focusing on security operations and prioritizing the safety and reliability of operations.
- How ICS threat intelligence is generated and how to use what is available in the community to support ICS environments. The analysis skills you learn will enable you to critically analyze and apply information from ICS threat intelligence reports on a regular basis.
- How to identify ICS assets and their network topologies and how to monitor ICS hotspots for abnormalities and threats. Methodologies such as ICS network security monitoring and approaches to reducing the control system threat landscape will be introduced and reinforced.
- How to analyze ICS malware and extract the most important information needed to quickly scope the environment and understand the nature of the threat.
- How to operate through an attack and gain the information necessary to instruct teams and decision-makers on when operations must shut down, or if it is safe to respond to the threat and continue operations.
- How to use multiple security disciplines in conjunction with each other to leverage an active defense and safeguard the ICS, all reinforced with hands-on labs and technical concepts.
Course Syllabus
ICS515.1: Threat Intelligence
Overview
Industrial control system (ICS) security professionals must be able to leverage internal and external threat intelligence to critically analyze threats, extract indicators of compromise (IOCs), and guide security teams to find threats in the environment. Today you will learn how threat intelligence is generated, how to critically analyze reports, and the basic tenets of active defense functions. Students will become better analysts and critical thinkers by learning skills useful in day-to-day operations, regardless of their jobs and roles. This day features four hands-on labs that include building a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), identifying information available about assets online through Shodan, completing an analysis of competing hypotheses, and ingesting threat intelligence reports to guide their practices over the rest of the labs in the course.
Exercises
- CYBATIworks Kit - Build a PLC
- ICS Information Attack Surface Mapping with Shodan
- ICS Honeypots and Analysis of Competing Hypotheses
- Consuming ICS Threat Intelligence
CPE/CMU Credits: 6
Topics
- Case Study: Havex
- Introduction to ICS Active Defense and Incident Response
- Intelligence Life Cycle and Threat Intelligence
- ICS Information Attack Surface
- External ICS Threat Intelligence
- Internal ICS Threat Intelligence
- Sharing and Consuming ICS Threat Intelligence
ICS515.2: Asset Identification and Network Security Monitoring
Overview
Understanding the networked environment is the only way to fully defend it: you cannot defend what you do not know. This course section will teach students to use tools such as Wireshark, TCPdump, SGUIL, ELSA, CyberLens, Bro, NetworkMiner, and Snort to map their ICS network, collect data, detect threats, and analyze threats to drive incident response procedures. During this section, students will be introduced to the lab network and an advanced persistent threat (APT) that is present on it. Drawing on threat intelligence from the previous course section, students will have to discover, identify, and analyze the threat using their new active defense skills to guide incident responders to the affected Human Machine Interface (HMI).
Exercises
- Asset Discovery and Network Visualization
- Collecting the Right Data from ICS Assets
- Intrusion Detection Systems
- ICS Network Analysis
CPE/CMU Credits: 6
Topics
- Case Study: BlackEnergy2
- ICS Asset and Network Visibility
- Identifying and Reducing the Threat Landscape
- ICS Network Security Monitoring - Collection
- ICS Network Security Monitoring - Detection
- ICS Network Security Monitoring - Analysis
ICS515.3: Incident Response
Overview
The ability to prepare for and perform ICS incident response is vital to the safety and reliability of control systems. ICS incident response is a core concept in an ICS active defense and requires that analysts safely acquire digital evidence while scoping the environment for threats and their impact on operations. ICS incident response is a young field with many challenges, but students in this section will learn effective tactics and tools to collect and preserve forensic-quality data. Students will then use this data to perform timely forensic analysis and create IOCs. In the previous section's labs, APT malware was identified in the network. In this section, the labs will focus on identifying which system is impacted and gathering a sample of the threat that can be analyzed.
Exercises
- Acquisition in an Operational Environment
- Verification and Event Analysis
- Incident Response and Initial Triage
- Indicators of Compromise in Action
CPE/CMU Credits: 6
Topics
- Case Study: Stuxnet
- Incident Response and Digital Forensics Overview
- Preparing an ICS Incident Response Team
- Evidence Acquisition
- Sources of Forensic Data in ICS Networks
- Time-Critical Analysis
- Maintaining and Restoring Operations
ICS515.4: Threat and Environment Manipulation
Overview
Understanding the threat is key to discovering its capabilities and its potential to affect the ICS. The information extracted from threats through processes such as malware analysis is also critical to being able to make the necessary changes to the environment to reduce the effectiveness of the threat. The information obtained is vital to an ICS active defense, which requires internal data collection to create and share threat intelligence. In this section, students will learn how to analyze initial attack vectors such as spearphishing emails, perform timely malware analysis techniques, analyze memory images, and create Indicators of Compromise in YARA. The previous section's labs identified the infected HMI and gathered a sample of the APT malware. In this section's labs, students will analyze the malware, extract information, and develop YARA rules to complete the active defense model introduced in the class and maintain operations.
Exercises
- Analyzing Initial Attack Vectors and Spearphishing Emails
- Memory Forensics with Volatility
- Timely Malware Analysis and Sandboxes
- YARA Development
CPE/CMU Credits: 6
Topics
- Case Study: German Steelworks
- ICS Threat and Environment Manipulation Goals and Considerations
- Establishing a Safe Working Environment
- Analyzing Acquired Evidence
- Memory Forensics
- Malware Analysis Methodologies
- Case Study: BlackEnergy2 Automated Analysis
- Indicators of Compromise
- Environment Manipulation
ICS515.5: Active Defense and Incident Response Challenge
Overview
This section focuses on reinforcing the strategy, methodologies, skillsets, and tools introduced in the first four sections of the course. This entirely hands-on section will present students with two different scenarios. The first involves data collected from an intrusion into SANS Cyber City. The second involves data collected from a Distributed Control System (DCS) infected with malware. This section will truly challenge students to utilize their ICS active defense and incident response skills and test themselves.
Exercises
- Scenario One
- The first half of the day will introduce packet captures and system images from an intrusion into SANS Cyber City
- Students will leverage their active defense skills to identify and respond
- Scenario Two
- The second half of the day will introduce packet captures and system images from an intrusion into a DCS environment
- Students will again leverage their active defense skills to identify and respond to real-world malware and understand the impact on the environment
CPE/CMU Credits: 6
Topics
- Scenario One
- Identify the assets and map the ICS networks
- Perform ICS network security monitoring to identify the abnormalities
- Execute ICS incident response procedures into the SANS Cyber City data files
- Analyze the malicious capability and determine if the threat is an insider threat or a targeted external threat
- Scenario Two
- Identify the software and information present on the DCS
- Leverage ICS active defense concepts to identify the real-world malware
- Determine the impact on operations and remediation needs
Who Should Attend
- ICS Incident Response Team Leads and Members who want to learn how to respond to advanced threats safely in the ICS with a focus on combined and continued security
- ICS and Operations Technology Security Personnel who want to learn how to leverage an ICS active defense to include network security monitoring and threat intelligence
- IT Security Professionals who want to expand their knowledge into the ICS field with an understanding of ICS protocols, threats, and priorities
- Security Operations Center (SOC) Team Leads and Analysts who want to learn how to monitor OT networks and ICS assets in an ICS SOC or dual IT/OT SOC
- ICS Red Team and Penetration Testers who want to learn the latest in defense tactics to identify how they can better perform, and how they can better highlight areas for improvement in ICS networks
- Active Defenders who want to challenge themselves to identify and respond to advanced targeted threats
What You Will Receive
- 64Gb USB packed with ICS lab data such as packet captures and memory images
- Protocol samples of OPC, ModbusTCP, DNP3, BACnet, ISO-TSAP, and more
- System files from infected DCS and HMI systems
- A fully functioning CYBATIworks Mini-kit that students will keep following the class
- A Raspberry PI that functions as a PLC
- Physical components and attachments for I/O
- Commercial control system demonstration software from Rex Controls
- Commercial control system demonstration software from PeakHMI
- Commercial control system demonstration software from CyberLens
- Samples of Stuxnet, Havex, and BlackEnergy2 in a safe Virtual Machine environment
- CYBATI Virtual Machine tailored for continued ICS education
- REMnux Virtual Machine for malware analysis
- Security Onion Virtual Machine for monitoring the network and detecting threats
This Course Will Prepare You To
- Examine ICS networks and identify the assets and their data flows in order to understand the network baseline information needed to identify advanced threats
- Use active defense concepts such as threat intelligence consumption, network security monitoring, malware analysis, and incident response to safeguard the ICS
- Build your own Programmable Logic Controller using a CYBATIworks Kit and keep it after the class ends
- Gain hands-on experience with samples of Havex, BlackEnergy2, and Stuxnet through engaging labs while de-constructing these threats and others
- Leverage technical tools such as Shodan, Security Onion, TCPDump, NetworkMiner, Foremost, Wireshark, Snort, Bro, SGUIL, ELSA, Volatility, Redline, FTK Imager, PDF analyzers, malware sandboxes, and more
- Create indicators of compromise (IOCs) in OpenIOC and YARA while understanding sharing standards such as STIX and TAXII
- Take advantage of models such as the Sliding Scale of Cybersecurity, the Active Cyber Defense Cycle, and the ICS Cyber Kill Chain to extract information from threats and use it to encourage the long-term success of ICS network security
Hands-on Training
- Build a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) using a CYBATIworks Kit
- Identify information available about assets online through Shodan
- Complete an analysis of competing hypotheses
- Ingest threat intelligence reports
- Identify and leverage new active defense skills to guide incident responders to the Human Machine Interface (HMI) affected by an advanced persistent threat (APT) on the lab network
- Identify which system is affected by APT malware identified in the network and assemble a sample of the threat that can be analyzed.
- From the infected HMI and samples of the APT malware identified, analyze the malware, extract information, and develop YARA rules to complete the active defense
- Address two different hands-on, real-world scenarios: the first involves data collected from an intrusion into SANS Cyber City, and the second involves data collected from a Distributed Control System (DCS) infected with malware.